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Within introns, a donor site (5' end of the intron), a branch site (near the 3' end of the intron) and an acceptor site (3' end of the intron) are required for splicing. The splice donor site includes an almost invariant sequence GU at the 5' end of the intron, within a larger, less highly conserved region.
A splice site mutation is a genetic mutation that inserts, deletes or changes a number of nucleotides in the specific site at which splicing takes place during the processing of precursor messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA. Splice site consensus sequences that drive exon recognition are located at the very termini of introns. [1]
The 5' splice site sequence is then subjected to a nucleophilic attack by a downstream sequence called the branch point, resulting in a circular structure called a lariat. The free 5' exon then attacks the 3' splice site, joining the two exons and releasing a structure known as an intron lariat. The intron lariat is subsequently de-branched and ...
Intron. An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intr agenic regi on, i.e., a region inside a gene. [1] The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. [2]
Alternative splicing produces three protein isoforms. Protein A includes all of the exons, whereas Proteins B and C result from exon skipping. Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants.
Splicing of group I introns is processed by two sequential transesterification reactions. [3] First an exogenous guanosine or guanosine nucleotide (exoG) docks onto the active G-binding site located in P7, and then its 3'-OH is aligned to attack the phosphodiester bond at the "upstream" (closer to the 5' end) splice site located in P1, resulting in a free 3'-OH group at the upstream exon and ...
The outron is an intron-like sequence possessing similar characteristics such as the G+C content [3] and a splice acceptor site that is the signal for trans-splicing. [4] [5] Such a trans-splice site is essentially defined as an acceptor (3') splice site without an upstream donor (5') splice site.
RNA-Seq. Summary of RNA-Seq. Within the organism, genes are transcribed and (in an eukaryotic organism) spliced to produce mature mRNA transcripts (red). The mRNA is extracted from the organism, fragmented and copied into stable ds-cDNA (blue). The ds-cDNA is sequenced using high-throughput, short-read sequencing methods.