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The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller clade Entognatha, which includes three classes of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and ...
Traditional morphology-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass, [27] and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), Collembola, Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts. [28]
Given its morphology resembles extant species quite closely, the radiation of the Hexapoda can be situated in the Silurian or more. [25] Additional research concerning the coprolites (fossilized feces) of ancient springtails allowed researchers to track their lineages back some 412 million years. [11] Fossil Collembola are rare.
Collembola, family Sminthuridae. The Entognatha are a class of wingless and ametabolous arthropods, which, together with the insects, makes up the subphylum Hexapoda. [1][2] Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects. [1] Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack wings.
Under the Atelocerata hypothesis, Hexapoda is the closest, whereas under the Paradoxopoda hypothesis, Chelicerata is the closest. This last hypothesis, although supported by few, if any, morphological characters, is supported by a number of molecular studies .
Pancrustacea is the clade that comprises all crustaceans, and all hexapods (insects and relatives). [2] This grouping is contrary to the Atelocerata hypothesis, in which Hexapoda and Myriapoda are sister taxa, and Crustacea are only more distantly related. As of 2010, the Pancrustacea taxon was considered well accepted, with most studies ...
The trophi, or mouthparts of a locust, a typical chewing insect: 1 Labrum. 2 Mandibles; 3 Maxillae. 4 Labium. 5 Hypopharynx. Examples of chewing insects include dragonflies, grasshoppers and beetles. Some insects do not have chewing mouthparts as adults but chew solid food in their larval phase.
Tagma (biology) In biology, a tagma (Greek: τάγμα, pl.: tagmata – τάγματα - body of soldiers; battalion) is a specialized grouping of multiple segments or metameres into a coherently functional morphological unit. Familiar examples are the head, the thorax, and the abdomen of insects. [1] The segments within a tagma may be either ...