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PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) (lit. ' State Electricity Company ' , abbreviated as PLN ) is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electric power distribution in Indonesia and generates the majority of the country's electrical power, producing 176.4 TWh in 2015.
Pertamina fuel station in Bali. PT Pertamina (Persero) [a] is an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation, headquartered in Jakarta. [2] It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin (established 1961) and Permina (established in 1957).
In Indonesia, state-owned enterprises (Indonesian: Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN)) play an important role in the national economy. Their roles includes contributor for national economy growth , providing goods or services which are not covered by private company , employment provider, providing support guidance to small and medium businesses ...
Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in meaning, whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, [3] as well as the variance of environment the contaminant is found to be in. [2] A contaminant may even be more abstract, as in the case of an unwanted energy source that may interfere with a process. [2]
Contamination control is the generic term for all activities aiming to control the existence, growth and proliferation of contamination in certain areas. Contamination control may refer to the atmosphere as well as to surfaces, to particulate matter as well as to microbes and to contamination prevention as well as to decontamination.
The most common exposure route to chemicals in the work environment is through inhalation. [4] Gas, vapour, mist, dust, fumes, and smoke can all be inhaled. Those with occupations involving physical work may inhale higher levels of chemicals if working in an area with contaminated air.
A mix-up rated as contamination could in reality be a simple confusion of two cell lines, but usually contamination is assumed. [ citation needed ] After a cell line has been discovered to be contaminated, it is usually never used again for research demanding the specific type of cell line they were assumed to be.