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  2. History of coins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coins

    Double-die style struck coin from Ancient India, c 304-232 BCE featuring an elephant on one face and a lion on the other. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper.

  3. History of Chinese currency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Chinese_currency

    Old Chinese Currency used in 1920–23. This currency was also used in Hunza state.. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system.The traditional characters for 'goods' (貨), 'buy/sell' (買/賣), and 'monger' (販), in addition to various other words relating to 'exchange', all contain the radical 貝, which is the pictograph for shell (simplified to 贝).

  4. Ancient Chinese coinage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage

    According to the Fang Yan (an ancient book on dialects), nie meant the same as hua (Chinese: 化; pinyin: huà), money or coin. Thus the characters jin nie mean "metal coin". The weights of the larger coins seem slightly higher than the 14 grams of the jin standard. Their find spots correspond with the states of Liang and Han.

  5. Cash (Chinese coin) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)

    The cash or qian was a type of coin of China and the Sinosphere, used from the 4th century BCE until the 20th century CE, characterised by their round outer shape and a square center hole (Chinese: 方穿; pinyin: fāng chuān; Jyutping: fong1 cyun1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhoan).

  6. Zhou dynasty coinage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty_coinage

    To show the strength of their kingdom and inherit the tradition of the fondness of knives as the northern grassland nationality, Qi carried out knife-money-system policy. [ 5 ] In 279 BC, in the charge of Tian Dan (Chinese: 田单 ; pinyin: tián dān ), the senior general, Qi successfully wiped out the enemy unit, the alliance of Han , Zhao ...

  7. History of money - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_money

    Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing. Hachette Book. ISBN 978-0316417198. Irigoin, Alejandra. "The end of a silver era: the consequences of the breakdown of the Spanish Peso standard in China and the United States, 1780s–1850s." Journal of World History (2009): 207–243. online. Jevons, W. S. Money and the Mechanism of Exchange.

  8. Huizi (currency) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huizi_(currency)

    The Huizi notes were set to expire 3 years after their introduction and could be exchanged for their nominal value in copper cash coins, but in reality they were only produced every 9 years and 20,000,000 guàn in newly printed notes were added to the market, in 1195 this was raised to 30,000,000 guàn.

  9. Ming dynasty coinage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty_coinage

    Privately minted cash coins of inferior quality became predominant in the south of China and 4 types of official cash coins were minted of varying quality of which one time with a weight of 1 qián was cast for payment to the imperial government, a second type of 0.9 qián for the salaries of officials, and the two types of lowest quality were ...