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Polyvinylcarbazole was discovered by the chemists Walter Reppe (1892-1969), Ernst Keyssner and Eugen Dorrer and patented by I.G. Farben in the USA in 1937. [4] [1] PVK was the first polymer whose photoconductivity was known.
Upon exposure to γ-irradiation, N-vinylcarbazole undergoes solid-state polymerisation. [ 5 ] It is produced by the vinylation of carbazole with acetylene in the presence of base.
Piezospectroscopy (also known as photoluminescence piezospectroscopy) is an analytical technique that reveals internal stresses in alumina-containing materials, particularly thermal barrier coatings (TBCs).
In one modification, both steps are rolled into one by carrying out the reaction in acetic acid. [9] In the third step, this compound is oxidized by red lead to carbazole itself. Another classic is the Bucherer carbazole synthesis, which uses a naphthol and an aryl hydrazine. [10] Bucherer carbazole synthesis
Photoluminescence excitation (abbreviated PLE) is a specific type of photoluminescence and concerns the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.It is used in spectroscopic measurements where the frequency of the excitation light is varied, and the luminescence is monitored at the typical emission frequency of the material being studied.
In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques.Most often, processes are studied after the illumination of a material occurs, but in principle, the technique can be applied to any process that leads to a change in properties of a material.
Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) is a method where the sample is excited with a light pulse and then the decay in photoluminescence with respect to time is measured. This technique is useful for measuring the minority carrier lifetime of III-V semiconductors like gallium arsenide .
The fluorene molecule is most commonly linked at the 2 and 7 positions in polyfluorene derivatives. Also, the 9 position is typically where side chains are attached. This is the photoluminescence of two very similarly structured polyfluorene derivatives.