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Oakeshott X describes swords that were common in the late Viking age and remained in use until the 13th century. The blades of these swords are narrower and longer than the typical Viking sword, marking the transition to the knightly sword of the High Middle Ages. This type exhibits a broad, flat blade, 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) long on average.
F/M/K: These are an indication of the method of hilt construction family, signifiying Falchion (Sword-like structures), Messer (large knife-hilted weapons of sword-like sizes), or Knife - used to notate smaller forms of Messer known as Bauernwehr, Rugger, and Tesak, ranging from pocket knife size to the size of a large bowie knife. By Elmslie ...
Above: 10th-century sword found in Isac river, near Nantes, with an inscription read as INGELRED FIT by Wegeli; below: sword found near Uppsala, Sweden, with inscription INGEL.AH. The Ingelrii group consists of about 20 known [ 1 ] medieval swords from the 10th to 12th century with a damascening blade inscription INGELRII, appearing with ...
Oakeshott's typology of medieval and early renaissance swords is among his most influential and most lasting works. He has been described as the sword's "most distinguished modern commentator". [7] Dr. Jan Peterson had previously developed a typology for Viking swords consisting of twenty-six categories. Peterson's typology was simplified by Dr ...
[18] In Old English, swords were termed sweord, although other terms used for such weapons included heoru or heru, bill or bile, and mēce or mǣce. [29] Anglo-Saxon swords comprised two-edged straight, flat blades. [29]
To combat the inherent uncertainties in using the period terms like "Messer", "langes Messer", and "Großes Messer" which are sometimes interchangeable, there is a typology [2] created by James G. Elmslie for European single-edged arms, which classifies messer and falchion forms, similar to the Oakeshott typology used for double-edged arming swords.
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Swords can have single or double bladed edges or even edgeless. The blade can be curved or straight. Arming sword; Dagger; Estoc; Falchion; Katana; Knife; Longsword; Messer; Rapier; Sabre or saber (Most sabers belong to the renaissance period, but some sabers can be found in the late medieval period)