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2. List of grand dukes of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_grand_dukes_of_Tuscany

   The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics given by a Pope to the Medici family, the first being that of Duke of the Florentine Republic, created by Pope Clement VII in 1532. [3] [4] The official residence of the Grand Dukes was the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, bought by the Medici in 1549. [5]

3. Grand Duchy of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany

   Grand Duke Ferdinand I sought to expand Tuscany's naval strength during his reign, and cooperated with the Order of Saint Stephen, which often blurred the line between itself and the Tuscan navy. The Order in 1604 counted among its fleet 6 galleys, 3 roundships/ bertoni , 2 transports, 1 galleon, and 1 galleass, supplemented by other ships ...

4. Cosimo I de' Medici - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_I_de'_Medici

   Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.

5. Cosimo III de' Medici - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_III_de'_Medici

   Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo III's father, and Vittoria Della Rovere, his mother, by Justus Sustermans. Cosimo de' Medici was born on 14 August 1642, the eldest surviving son of Vittoria della Rovere of Urbino, and Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Their previous two children had died shortly after ...

6. Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Crown_of_Tuscany

   When Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1670–1723) received the "right to royal rank" from Vienna, he added arches and a globe to the top of the grand ducal crown, as these were the typical elements of a royal crown. The new status of the Grand Duchy included among other things a change of style from Altezza Serenissima to Altezza Reale.

7. Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke...

   Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.. His first wife died in February 1859. Sometime later, he and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence as part of the unification of Italy.

8. Gian Gastone de' Medici - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de'_Medici

   The Tuscany Gian Gastone inherited was in a pitiful state: the army numbered less than 3,000, the royal coffers were empty and Florence was full of beggars. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] The ramshackle condition of the capital was noted by philosopher Montesquieu five years into Gian Gastone's reign: "There is no town where men live in less luxury than Florence".

9. Category : Royal houses of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_houses_of...

   The Royal houses, of which members ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (and/or its predecessor or successor States), a central Italian monarchy that existed as the March of Tuscany (846–1198), the Republic of Florence (1115–1532), the Duchy of Florence (1532–1569), and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801 and 1815–1859), following which it was merged into the United Provinces of ...