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The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game . Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard .
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A major change was the modern piece movement rules, which began to appear in intellectual circles in Valencia, Spain, around 1475, [note 4] which established the foundations and brought it very close to current chess. These new rules then were quickly adopted in Italy and Southern France before diffusing into the rest of Europe.
A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black , and it can be one of six types: king , queen , rook , bishop , knight , or pawn .
The modern rules of chess (and breaking them) are discussed in separate articles, and briefly in the following subsections: Rules of chess – rules governing the play of the game of chess. White and Black in chess – one set of pieces is designated "white" and the other is designated "black". White moves first.
The pawn moves like the modern pawn, but cannot make an initial double step or capture en passant.Its Betza notation is mfWcfF.When it reaches the other end of the board (the twelfth rank for White, or the first rank for Black), it promotes to the piece that was originally there: the exception is that a pawn promoting on the g-file becomes an aanca.
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