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The Crew Return Vehicle (CRV), sometimes referred to as the Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV), was a proposed dedicated lifeboat or escape module for the International Space Station (ISS). A number of different vehicles and designs were considered over two decades – with several flying as developmental test prototypes – but none became ...
The X-38 is an experimental re-entry vehicle designed by NASA to research a possible emergency crew return vehicle (CRV) for the International Space Station (ISS). The 1995–2002 program also developed concepts for a crew return vehicle design that could be modified for other uses, such as a possible joint U.S. and international human spacecraft that could be launched on the French Ariane 5 ...
A space capsule is a spacecraft designed to transport cargo, scientific experiments, and/or astronauts to and from space. [1] Capsules are distinguished from other spacecraft by the ability to survive reentry and return a payload to the Earth's surface from orbit or sub-orbit, and are distinguished from other types of recoverable spacecraft by their blunt shape, not having wings and often ...
[13] [14] [15] The crew module is the only part of the spacecraft that returns to Earth after each mission and is a 57.5° frustum shape with a blunt spherical aft end, 5.02 meters (16 ft 6 in) in diameter and 3.3 meters (10 ft 10 in) in length, [16] with a mass of about 8.5 metric tons (19,000 lb).
Orbital module: A spheroid compartment providing living space for the crew. Descent module: A small, aerodynamic capsule where the crew is seated for launch and return the crew to Earth. Service module: A cylindrical section housing propulsion, power, and other systems. The orbital and service modules are discarded and destroyed upon reentry ...
Key high-level requirements for the Commercial Crew vehicles include: Safely deliver and return four crew members and their equipment to the International Space Station (ISS) [15] [16] Provide assured crew return in the event of an emergency [15] Serve as a 24-hour safe haven in the event of an emergency [15] [16]
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The Apollo Command Module reentered with the center of mass offset from the center line; this caused the capsule to assume an angled attitude through the air, providing a sideways lift to be used for directional control. Rotational thrusters were used to steer the capsule under either automatic or manual control by changing the lift vector.