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  2. Ternary plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_plot

    Sample 2: 10%: 60%: 30%: The proportion of sand is 30% as in Sample 1, but as the proportion of silt rises by 40%, the proportion of clay decreases correspondingly. Sample 3: 10%: 30%: 60%: This sample has the same proportion of clay as Sample 2, but the proportions of silt and sand are swapped; the plot is reflected about its vertical axis.

  3. Mixed graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_graph

    Mixed graphs are also used as graphical models for Bayesian inference. In this context, an acyclic mixed graph (one with no cycles of directed edges) is also called a chain graph. The directed edges of these graphs are used to indicate a causal connection between two events, in which the outcome of the first event influences the probability of ...

  4. Graph (discrete mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)

    A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).

  5. Harris graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_graph

    The first Harris graph discovered was the Shaw graph, which has order 9 and size 14. [1] [2] [4] This graph served as the counterexample to Harris Spungen's 2013 conjecture. The minimal barnacle-free Harris graph, or the Lopez graph, has order 13 and size 33. It was constructed to address a conjecture that barnacle-free Harris graphs do not ...

  6. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    These two types of mixtures result in very different graphs. Another type of binary phase diagram is a boiling-point diagram for a mixture of two components, i. e. chemical compounds . For two particular volatile components at a certain pressure such as atmospheric pressure , a boiling-point diagram shows what vapor (gas) compositions are in ...

  7. Grinberg's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinberg's_theorem

    Since there is no way of partitioning the faces into two subsets that produce a sum obeying Grinberg's theorem, there can be no Hamiltonian cycle. [1] For instance, for the graph in the figure, all the bounded faces have 5 or 8 sides, but the unbounded face has 9 sides, so it satisfies this condition on numbers of sides and is not Hamiltonian.

  8. Glossary of graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_graph_theory

    The transitive closure of a given directed graph is a graph on the same vertex set that has an edge from one vertex to another whenever the original graph has a path connecting the same two vertices. A transitive reduction of a graph is a minimal graph having the same transitive closure; directed acyclic graphs have a unique transitive reduction.

  9. Independent set (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_set_(graph_theory)

    A set is independent if and only if it is a clique in the graph’s complement, so the two concepts are complementary. In fact, sufficiently large graphs with no large cliques have large independent sets, a theme that is explored in Ramsey theory. A set is independent if and only if its complement is a vertex cover. [4]