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The sclera, [note 1] also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. [2] In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. [3]
It is thought that the high reflectivity of the solid white scleral tissue underlying the conjunctival tissue may result in additional UV exposure to the back side of the tissue. [6] The side of the nose also reflects sunlight on to the conjunctiva. As a result, pingueculae tend to occur more often on the nasal side of the eye.
Leukocoria (also white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. Leukocoria resembles eyeshine , but leukocoria can also occur in animals that lack eyeshine because their retina lacks a tapetum lucidum .
Nevus of Ota is a hyperpigmentation [3] that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It also occurs on the forehead, nose, cheek, periorbital region, and temple. [4] It was first reported by Masao Ōta of Japan in 1939. [5]
Poliosis circumscripta, commonly referred to as a "white forelock", is a condition characterized by localized patches of white hair due to a reduction or absence of melanin in hair follicles. Although traditionally associated with the scalp, poliosis can affect any hairy area on the body, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and beards.
If the eyelids are open for a few hours after death, a film of cell debris and mucus forms two yellow triangles on the sclera, each at side of the iris, with base towards the margin of cornea and apex towards medial or lateral canthus of the eye, which becomes brown and then black within a few hours, upon which dust settles and the surface ...
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome occurs mostly in females. Symptoms include a sudden loss of central vision, but patients eventually regain normal vision. The white dots are small and located in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The white dots may disappear after the first few weeks of the disease.
The corneal limbus (Latin: corneal border) is the border between the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye).It contains limbal stem cells in its palisades of Vogt.It may be affected by cancer or aniridia (a developmental problem), among other issues.