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Leukocoria (also white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye. Leukocoria resembles eyeshine , but leukocoria can also occur in animals that lack eyeshine because their retina lacks a tapetum lucidum .
Nevus of Ota is a hyperpigmentation [3] that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It also occurs on the forehead, nose, cheek, periorbital region, and temple. [4] It was first reported by Masao Ōta of Japan in 1939. [5]
It is thought that the high reflectivity of the solid white scleral tissue underlying the conjunctival tissue may result in additional UV exposure to the back side of the tissue. [6] The side of the nose also reflects sunlight on to the conjunctiva. As a result, pingueculae tend to occur more often on the nasal side of the eye.
The sclera, [note 1] also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. [2] In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. [3]
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome occurs mostly in females. Symptoms include a sudden loss of central vision, but patients eventually regain normal vision. The white dots are small and located in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The white dots may disappear after the first few weeks of the disease.
While the eye is a relatively protected environment, its immune mechanisms may be overcome resulting in inflammation and tissue destruction associated with T-cell activation. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent control of the inflammation to prevent vision loss.
Poliosis circumscripta, commonly referred to as a "white forelock", is a condition characterized by localized patches of white hair due to a reduction or absence of melanin in hair follicles. Although traditionally associated with the scalp, poliosis can affect any hairy area on the body, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and beards.
Sclerocornea causes parts or all of the cornea to become cloudy. This cloudiness can be partial or complete. The more of the cornea that is affected, the worse a persons vision will be. The main area affected is the cornea, but the issue can also spread to nearby parts of the eye, like the limbus and front eye structure, such as the iris.