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An electrode is "stereotactically" guided to the site using magnetic resonance imaging and once in place, the electrode is activated by subcutaneous leads attached to a pulse generator under the skin. It is effective in treating refractory post-stroke pain, atypical face pain, anaesthesia dolorosa, and deafferentation and somatic pain such as ...
Most microcurrent treatments concentrate on pain and/or speeding healing and recovery. [4] It is commonly used by professional and performance athletes with acute pain and/or muscle tenderness as it is drug-free and non-invasive, thus avoiding testing and recovery issues. It is also used as a cosmetic treatment. [5]
A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...
The electrodes are generally pads that adhere to the skin. The impulses mimic the action potential that comes from the central nervous system , causing the muscles to contract. The use of EMS has been cited by sports scientists [ 2 ] as a complementary technique for sports training, and published research is available on the results obtained. [ 3 ]
The most common use of SCS is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in the United States and peripheral ischemic pain in Europe. [4] [5]As of 2014 the FDA had approved SCS as a treatment for FBSS, chronic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, intractable angina, as well as visceral abdominal and perineal pain [1] and pain in the extremities from nerve damage.
(h) Depolarization occurs where negative current enters the axon at the "active" electrode indicated. Functional electrical stimulation ( FES ) is a technique that uses low-energy electrical pulses to artificially generate body movements in individuals who have been paralyzed due to injury to the central nervous system .
In fact, firm application of the hands and feet against the electrodes blocks physiological sweating, and the active measure extracts electro-active ions (i. e., chloride near the anode, proton near the cathode) and pulls them towards the electrodes. The resulting conductance is then given for each foot and hand in μS (micro-Siemens).
Scrambler therapy involves the use of electronic stimulation on the skin with the goal of overwhelming pain information with non-pain information. [1] In a therapy session, "electrocardiographic-like pads are placed around the area of pain". [2] Limited research has been done on the effectiveness of scrambler theory. [3]