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Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that patients receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side effects, respectively.
Nausea and vomiting may be experienced as the most unpleasant side effects of cytotoxic drugs [4] and may result in patients delaying or refusing further radiotherapy [5] or chemotherapy. [6] The strategies of management or therapy of nausea and vomiting depend on the underlying causes. [7]
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side-effects for people with cancer and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that people receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side-effects, respectively. [98]
The vomiting center of the brain refers to the groups of loosely organized neurons in the medulla that include the CTZ within the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarii. [2] One of the ways the chemoreceptor trigger zone implements its effects on the vomiting center is by activation of the opioid mu receptors and delta receptors. [6]
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
Feelings of nausea occur among approximately 7 out of every 10 people (70%) but this can be well controlled with anti-nausea drugs. There are many options available to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Pain in the vein during the infusion of oxaliplatin or folinic acid – This can be managed by decreasing the rate of infusion.
It may be used by itself or along with other chemotherapy medication. [6] It is given by slow injection into a vein. [6] Common side effects include hair loss, cytopenia (low blood cell counts), numbness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pains. [6] Other severe side effects include allergic reactions and future cancers. [6]
Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy, or morning sickness in early pregnancy. Nausea may also be caused by disgust and depression. [1] Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting are called antiemetics.