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National income and output (billions of dollars) Period ending 2003 Gross national product: 11,063.3 Net U.S. income receipts from rest of the world: 55.2 U.S. income receipts: 329.1 U.S. income payments-273.9 Gross domestic product: 11,008.1 Private consumption of fixed capital: 1,135.9 Government consumption of fixed capital
The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from non-resident by residents, minus factor income paid by residents to non-resident.
The most influential reaction function is the Taylor rule, developed by economist John Taylor in 1993.The rule provides a systematic formula for setting the nominal interest rate based on four key variables: The deviation of current inflation rate from the central bank's target; The current inflation rate itself; The equilibrium real interest rate; and the output gap, measured as the ...
A macroeconomic model is an analytical tool designed to describe the operation of the problems of economy of a country or a region. These models are usually designed to examine the comparative statics and dynamics of aggregate quantities such as the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the level of prices.
[3] [4] [5] In particular, Brückner and Lederman test the prediction of the model by in the panel of countries during the period 1970-2010, by considering the impact of the interaction between the level of income inequality and the initial level of GDP per capita. In line with the predictions of the model, they find that at the 25th percentile ...
In monetary economics, the equation of exchange is the relation: = where, for a given period, is the total money supply in circulation on average in an economy. is the velocity of money, that is the average frequency with which a unit of money is spent.
The Keynesian cross diagram is a formulation of the central ideas in Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.It first appeared as a central component of macroeconomic theory as it was taught by Paul Samuelson in his textbook, Economics: An Introductory Analysis.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936. It caused a profound shift in economic thought, [1] giving macroeconomics a central place in economic theory and contributing much of its terminology [2] – the "Keynesian Revolution".