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Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
Since both fibroadenomas and breast lumps as a sign of breast cancer can appear similar, it is recommended to perform ultrasound analyses and possibly tissue sampling with subsequent histopathologic analysis in order to make a proper diagnosis. Unlike typical lumps from breast cancer, fibroadenomas are easy to move, with clearly defined edges.
A breast lump associated with an inverted nipple and skin dimpling. Underlying cause was breast cancer. Specialty: Gynecology, General Surgery: Symptoms: An area of the breast that feel different than the surrounding tissue [1] Causes: Fibrocystic change, fibroadenomas, breast infection, galactoceles, breast cancer [1] Diagnostic method
Adenomas can grow from many glandular organs, including the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid, prostate, and others. Some adenomas grow from epithelial tissue in nonglandular areas but express glandular tissue structure (as can happen in familial polyposis coli). Although adenomas are benign, they should be treated as pre-cancerous.
A large case series from the MD Anderson Cancer Center reported the incidence of each type of phyllodes tumor as benign (58%), borderline (12%), and malignant (30%). [16] Gross image of an excised phyllodes tumor. Malignant phyllodes tumors can behave similarly to sarcomas leading to development of blood-borne metastases. [16]
The changes in fibrocystic breast disease are characterised by the appearance of fibrous tissue and a lumpy, cobblestone texture in the breasts. These lumps are smooth with well defined edges, and free-moving regarding adjacent structures. These lumps can sometimes be obscured by irregularities in the breast associated with the condition.
Similarly, sun or especially UV exposure is an important risk factor for both actinic keratosis which can progress into melanomas [10] as well as skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for premalignant (as well as malignant) lung lesions. Hereditary conditions that are risk factors to cancer can also be risk factors to premalignant lesions.
It is often underdiagnosed due to variability in disease presentation, but 99% of patients report mucocutaneous symptoms by age 20–29. [2] Despite some considering it a primarily dermatologic condition, Cowden's syndrome is a multi-system disorder that also includes neurodevelopmental disorders such as macrocephaly .