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For the government, deploying Cossacks as a para-military police force was the best solution as the Cossacks were viewed as one of the social groups most loyal to the House of Romanov while their isolation from local populations was felt to make them immune to revolutionary appeals. [84]
The conflict resulted from both states' attempts to exert control over the independent-minded Cossacks. While the early uprisings were against the Commonwealth, as the Russian Empire gained increasing and then total control over the Ruthenian lands where most of Cossacks lived, the target of Cossack uprisings changed as well. [1] [3] [4]
Every Cossack had to procure his own uniform, equipment and horse (if mounted), the government supplying only the arms. Cossacks on active service were divided into three equal parts according to age, and only the first third (approximately age 18–26) normally performed active service, while the rest effectively functioned as reserves, based ...
[1] [3] Motivations varied, but the primary reasons were the brutal repression of Cossacks by the Soviet government, e.g., the portioning of the lands of the Terek, Ural and Semirechye hosts, forced cultural assimilation and repression of the Russian Orthodox Church, deportation and, ultimately, the Soviet famine of 1930–1933. [4]
In addition, the Cossacks feared in case of resistance to bloody revenge on Cossack families, the Sich still had old Cossacks who remembered the events of 1709, when Peter I conducted a brutal punitive expedition against Ukraine, including the infamous Baturyn massacre that became the culmination of those horrible events. Zaporozhian Cossacks ...
The Cossack raids on Istanbul (Ukrainian: Козацькі рейди на Стамбул, Turkish: İstanbul'a Kazak baskınları; 9 July – 8 September, 1624) was a raids on the capital of the Ottoman Empire Istanbul by the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Mykhailo Doroshenko and Hryhoriy Chornyi as a part of the Cossack Naval Campaigns.
The volunteer army (4–5 thousand people) began a retreat with battles to the Kuban (First Kuban Campaign), hoping to receive the support of the Kuban Cossacks, however, these calculations were not justified: the Kuban Cossacks, like the Don Cossacks, did not want to fight against the new government. Volunteers, who were in a hostile ...
After Khan realised that the army behind him waving Tatar flags were Cossacks, his army went into the state of disorganised panic and scattered across the fields in the hasty retreat. Taking advantage of their disorganization, Cossacks and their allies killed several thousand Tatars and captured several thousand more.