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The surface shape is also important for interactions between protein and water. However, defining discrete pockets or possible interaction sites still remains unclear, due to the shape and location of nearby pockets affected promiscuity and diversity of binding sites.
This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It is involved in cellular processes including cell adhesion and may regulate integrin trafficking and/or function. This protein enhances cell motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.
Human Protein Atlas; Content; Description: The Human Protein Atlas portal is a publicly available database with millions of high-resolution images showing the spatial distribution of proteins in normal human tissues and different cancer types, as well the sub cellular localisation in single cells.
Usually specific surface proteins are used to identify cells, and based on this they are put into different categories. Another major effort to make an overview of these proteins that allows us to observe cell types is the Human Protein Atlas. [22]
The first described candidate Siglec was Sialoadhesin (Siglec-1/CD169) a lectin-like adhesion protein on macrophages. [2] Parallel studies by Ajit Varki and colleagues on the previously cloned CD22 (a B cell surface protein involved in adhesion and activation) showed direct evidence for sialic acid recognition.
On the cell surface, CD19 is the dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex including CD21 (CR2, a complement receptor), TAPA-1 (a tetraspanin membrane protein), and CD225. [ 11 ] [ 23 ] The CD19/CD21 complex arises from C3d binding to CD21; however, CD19 does not require CD21 for signal transduction .
A normal cell will display peptides from normal cellular protein turnover on its class I MHC, and CTLs will not be activated in response to them due to central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. When a cell expresses foreign proteins, such as after viral infection, a fraction of the class I MHC will display these peptides on the cell surface.
[8] [9] Microtentacles are cell protrusions attached to free-floating cells, associated with the spread of some cancer cells. [10] In prokaryotes such protrusions are known as surface or cell-surface appendages and include flagella, pili, fimbriae, and nanowires. [11] [8] Some archaea possess very complex appendages known as hami. [12]