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A bronchus (/ ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k ə s / BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, / ˈ b r ɒ ŋ k aɪ / BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus.
The bronchioles (/ ˈ b r ɑː ŋ k i oʊ l s / BRONG-kee-ohls) are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract.They include the terminal bronchioles, and finally the respiratory bronchioles that mark the start of the respiratory zone delivering air to the gas exchanging units of the alveoli.
Mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucociliary transport, or the mucociliary escalator describes the self-clearing mechanism of the airways in the respiratory system. [1] It is one of the two protective processes for the lungs in removing inhaled particles including pathogens before they can reach the delicate tissue of the lungs.
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A pulmonary consolidation is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air. [1] The condition is marked by induration [2] (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung.
Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging, usually ultrasound or MRI. [12] [13] The extent of hypoplasia is a very important prognostic factor. [14]One study of 147 fetuses (49 normal, 98 with abnormalities) found that a simple measurement, the ratio of chest length to trunk length, was a useful predictor of postnatal respiratory distress. [15]
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (or other combinations with airway or hyperreactivity, BH used as a general abbreviation) [1] is a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm (contraction of the bronchioles or small airways).
A bronchopulmonary segment is a portion of lung supplied by a specific segmental bronchus and its vessels. [1] [2] These arteries branch from the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, and run together through the center of the segment.