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Salvia mellifera (Californian black sage, also known as seel by the Mahuna [1]) is a small, highly aromatic, evergreen shrub of the genus Salvia (the sages) native to California, and Baja California, Mexico. It is common in the coastal sage scrub of Southern California and northern Baja California. [2]
The classification of Salvia has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of Salvia species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within Salvia.
Salvia (/ ˈ s æ l v i ə /) [3] is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with nearly 1,000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. [4] [5] [6] Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. [4]
Coastal sage scrub in the Santa Monica Mountains.Note slope effect. Coastal sage scrub on the Santa Rosa Plateau, with oak woodland in background.. Coastal sage scrub, also known as coastal scrub, CSS, or soft chaparral, is a low scrubland plant community of the California coastal sage and chaparral subecoregion, found in coastal California and northwestern coastal Baja California.
Prominent coast adjacent species include: California sagebrush (Artemisia californica) and brittlebush (Encelia californica), along with black sage (Salvia mellifera), purple sage (Salvia leucophylla or Salvia clevelandii), bush monkeyflower (Mimulus longiflorus or Mimulus aurantiacus), and California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum).
Salvia mellifera var. jonesii Munz, 1927 Salvia munzii is a semi-evergreen perennial species of sage known by the common name Munz's sage or San Miguel Mountain sage . It is native to northern Baja California , Mexico , and it can be found in a few locations just north of the border in San Diego County, California , where it is particularly rare.
Salvia species – sages: Salvia mellifera – Californian black sage; Chaparral soils and nutrient composition. Chaparral characteristically is found in areas with steep topography and shallow stony soils, while adjacent areas with clay soils, even where steep, tend to be colonized by annual plants and grasses.
An example of morphological isolation in Salvia mellifera where the stigma and anther positioning determines the location of pollen contact on the bumblebee, promoting transfer within the species. An example of ethological isolation in Ophrys apifera where the orchids structure mimics that of a female bee to attract the male counterparts.