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A MOSFET version of Figure 3 is shown in Figure 4, where MOSFETs M 3 and M 4 operate in ohmic mode to play the same role as emitter resistors R E in Figure 3, and MOSFETs M 1 and M 2 operate in active mode in the same roles as mirror transistors Q 1 and Q 2 in Figure 3. An explanation follows of how the circuit in Figure 3 works.
The use of a cascode (sometimes verbified to cascoding) is a common technique for improving analog circuit performance, applicable to both vacuum tubes and transistors.The name "cascode" was coined in an article written by Frederick Vinton Hunt and Roger Wayne Hickman in 1939, in a discussion on the application of voltage stabilizers. [3]
The mirror circuit of Fig. 5 forces the drain current of M1 to equal the input current and the output configuration assures that the output current equals the drain current of M2. Expanding equation (8) in a two-variable Taylor series about i D 1 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle i_{D1}} and truncating after the first linear term, leads to an ...
In 1992, version 2.6 changed the definition of layers, but designs created under older versions (up to 2.05) could be converted into the new format using the provided UPDATE26.EXE utility. EAGLE 3.0 was changed to be a 32-bit extended DOS application in 1994. Support for OS/2 Presentation Manager was added with version 3.5 in April 1996. This ...
To design the mirror, the output current must be related to the two resistor values R 1 and R 2. A basic observation is that the output transistor is in active mode only so long as its collector-base voltage is non-zero. Thus, the simplest bias condition for design of the mirror sets the applied voltage V A to equal the base voltage V B.
PLate OPtimizer, or PLOP is a CAD program used by amateur telescope makers to design primary mirror support cells for reflecting telescopes.It was developed by telescope maker David Lewis, first described in 1999, [1] and used to simplify calculations needed in the design of mirror support cells. [2]
Optics Software for Layout and Optimization (OSLO) is an optical design program originally developed at the University of Rochester in the 1970s. The first commercial version was produced in 1976 by Sinclair Optics. Since then, OSLO has been rewritten several times as computer technology has advanced.
A meat grinder (also called a "meat mincer" in the UK) is a kitchen appliance for mincing (fine chopping) and/or mixing of raw or cooked meat, fish, vegetables or similar food. It replaces tools like the mincing knife (which are also used in the preparation of minced meat, filling, etc.).