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The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) is an agency of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition in South Africa. [1] The CIPC was established by the Companies Act, 2008 (Act No. 71 of 2008) [2] as a juristic person to function as an organ of state within the public administration, but as an institution outside the public service.
A private company need not lodge financial statements with the CIPC (formerly CIPRO, formerly the Registrar of Companies), whereas a public company must. Voting rights in a private company may be freely regulated in the Memorandum of Incorporation; voting rights in a public company are proportional to the number of shares the voter holds.
There are three main views as to why codetermination exists: to reduce management-labour conflict by improving and systematizing communication channels; [3] to increase bargaining power of workers at the expense of owners by means of legislation; [4] and to correct market failures by means of public policy. [5]
CIPC is an abbreviation which may refer to: CIPC-FM, radio station; Companies and Intellectual Property Commission, South African government agency; Chlorpropham, a plant growth regulator also known as CIPC; Cleveland International Piano Competition, an international classical music competition
Medicaid was one of these twelve unfunded mandates, and comprised the second largest item in state budgets, accounting for almost 13 percent of state general revenues in 1993. [13] Mandates can be applied either vertically or horizontally. [14] Vertically applied mandates are directed by a level of government at a single department or program.
Administrative mandate lies when the filing party wishes to appeal "any final administrative order or decision made as the result of a proceeding in which by law a hearing is required to be given, evidence is required to be taken, and discretion in the determination of facts is vested in the inferior tribunal". [35]
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organisation (e.g. the United Nations) to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organisation. Before the creation of the United Nations, all mandates were issued from the League of Nations.
Mandate (politics), the power granted by an electorate; Mandate may also refer to: Mandate (aftershave), British aftershave brand; Mandate (criminal law), an official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; Mandate (international law), an obligation handed down by an inter-governmental body; Mandate, a monthly gay pornographic magazine