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Urediniospores of 11 Milesina species. a Milesina blechni on Struthiopteris spicant b Milesina blechni on Struthiopteris spicant, cracked spore with released plasma, germ pores scattered c Milesina carpatica on Dryopteris filix-mas d Milesina exigua on Polystichum braunii, smooth surface e Milesina exigua on Polystichum braunii, smooth surface, plasma-free spore, germ pores bipolar f Milesina ...
Uredo is a genus of rust fungi: long considered incertae sedis in the order Pucciniales, but now placed in the family Pucciniaceae. [2] This long-established genus, together with the closely-related Uromyces (which some authorities consider to be synonymous), give their names to "uredo-type" fungal spore structures such as "urediniospore" and uredinium".
Sclerenchyma is the tissue which makes the plant hard and stiff. Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist: fibers cellular and sclereids. Their cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Sclerenchyma cells are the principal supporting cells in plant tissues that have ceased elongation.
They can be grouped into bundles, can form complete tubes located at the periphery, or can occur as single cells or small groups of cells within parenchyma tissues. An isolated sclereid cell is known as an idioblast. Sclereids are typically found in the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. [2]
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. [1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. [2]
The stem rust fungus attacks the parts of the plant that are above ground. Spores that land on green wheat plants form a pustule that invades the outer layers of the stalk. [7] Infected plants produce fewer tillers and set fewer seed, and in cases of severe infection the plant may die. Infection can reduce what is an apparently healthy crop ...
In flowering plants, the gametophytes are very reduced in size, and are represented by the germinated pollen and the embryo sac. The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name) by meiosis, a process also known as "reduction division" that reduces the number of chromosomes in each spore mother cell by half. The resulting meiospores develop into ...
When a spore encounters a susceptible plant, it can germinate and infect plant tissues. A rust spore typically germinates on a plant surface, growing a short hypha called a germ tube. This germ tube may locate a stoma by a touch responsive process known as thigmotropism.