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2. Endovenous laser treatment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endovenous_laser_treatment

   Endovenous laser treatment treats varicose veins using an optical fiber that is inserted into the vein to be treated, and laser light, normally in the infrared portion of the spectrum, [1] shines into the interior of the vein. This causes the vein to contract, and the optical fiber is slowly withdrawn.

3. Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonography_of_chronic...

   For example, the superficial venous system (SVS) can be very well examined using a high-frequency probe of 12 MHz. For patients who have thick adipose tissue, a probe of 7.5 MHz will be required. Deep veins require probes of around 6 MHz, while the abdominal vessels are better studied with probes of between 4 and 6 MHz. [9]

4. Sclerotherapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerotherapy

   Sclerotherapy can also be performed using microfoam sclerosants under ultrasound guidance to treat larger varicose veins, including the great and small saphenous veins. [20] After a map of the patient's varicose veins is created using ultrasound, these veins are injected whilst real-time monitoring of the injections is undertaken, also using ...

5. CLaCS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLaCS

   CLaCS (Cryo-Laser and Cryo-Sclerotherapy) is a treatment for leg vein lesions by combining transdermal laser effect and injection sclerotherapy, all under skin cooling (Cryo - cold air blown onto the skin at -20C). [1] [2] [3] The laser causes a selective photothermolysis damaging the vein wall. The vein's lumen gets smaller.

6. Vascular surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_surgery

   Lower extremity varicose veins is the condition in which the superficial veins become tortuous (snakelike) and dilated (enlarged) to greater than 3 mm (0.12 in) in the upright position. [24] Incompetent or faulty valves are often present in these veins when investigated with duplex ultrasonography .

7. Interventional radiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interventional_radiology

   However, some patients have an infected stone and are simply too ill for an operative surgical removal. In these instances, the mainstay of IR treatment is a percutaneous nephrostomy tube. [ 24 ] This is a procedure where a small caliber catheter is placed through the skin and into the urinary collecting system upstream of the stone.