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In algebraic topology and graph theory, graph homology describes the homology groups of a graph, where the graph is considered as a topological space. It formalizes the idea of the number of "holes" in the graph. It is a special case of a simplicial homology, as a graph is a special case of a simplicial complex. Since a finite graph is a 1 ...
In mathematics, topological graph theory is a branch of graph theory. It studies the embedding of graphs in surfaces, spatial embeddings of graphs, and graphs as topological spaces. [1] It also studies immersions of graphs. Embedding a graph in a surface means that we want to draw the graph on a surface, a sphere for example, without two edges ...
This is a graph with vertex set the pants decompositions of , and two vertices are joined if they are related by an elementary move, which is one of the two following operations: take a curve α {\displaystyle \alpha } in the decomposition in a one-holed torus and replace it by a curve in the torus intersecting it only once,
A graph with odd-crossing number 13 and pair-crossing number 15 [1]. In mathematics, a topological graph is a representation of a graph in the plane, where the vertices of the graph are represented by distinct points and the edges by Jordan arcs (connected pieces of Jordan curves) joining the corresponding pairs of points.
A cubic graph with 14 vertices embedded on a torus The Heawood graph and associated map embedded in the torus. In the mathematical field of graph theory, a toroidal graph is a graph that can be embedded on a torus. In other words, the graph's vertices and edges can be placed on a torus such that no edges intersect except at a vertex that ...
[1] [2] A function f : X → Y between topological spaces has a closed graph if its graph is a closed subset of the product space X × Y. A related property is open graph. [3] This property is studied because there are many theorems, known as closed graph theorems, giving conditions under which a function with a closed graph is necessarily ...
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A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph. [2] In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.