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Telomeres at the end of a chromosome. The relationship between telomeres and longevity and changing the length of telomeres is one of the new fields of research on increasing human lifespan and even human immortality. [1] [2] Telomeres are sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division and determine the lifespan of ...
(A) Telomere-bound proteins involved in preventing the activation of the DNA damage response checkpoint and of DSB repair mechanisms in S. cerevisiae (top) and in humans (bottom). (B) Overview of the normal function of telomere-shelterin complexes and the pathways activated by telomere shortening. [5]
Human chromosomes (grey) capped by telomeres (white). A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) 'end' and μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences).
While the exact transcription start site is still a matter of debate, it is widely held that TERRA transcription begins in the subtelomeric region at the end of chromosomes, just before the tandem repeats of the telomere begin. In humans, at least 20 of 23 chromosome ends have been shown to contain CpG islands, which are generally found at or ...
However, other studies have shown that under certain conditions TERRA can recruit telomerase to telomeres. [2] TERRAs are essential for telomere length and maintenance. [3] [2] At least four factors contribute to telomere maintenance: telomerase, shelterin, TERRA and the CST Complex. [4]
Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of repeating double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' (G-strand) sequences (2-15 kilobases in humans) along with the 3'-AATCCC-5' (C-strand) complement, ending with a 50-400 ...
The minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins were named after a genetic screen for DNA replication initiation mutants in S. cerevisiae that affect plasmid stability in an ARS-specific manner. [32] Mcm2, Mcm3, Mcm4, Mcm5, Mcm6 and Mcm7 form a hexameric complex that has an open-ring structure with a gap between Mcm2 and Mcm5. [13]
14375 Ensembl ENSG00000196419 ENSMUSG00000022471 UniProt P12956 P23475 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001469 NM_001288976 NM_001288977 NM_001288978 NM_010247 RefSeq (protein) NP_001275905 NP_001275906 NP_001275907 NP_001460 NP_001275905.1 NP_001460.1 NP_034377 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 41.62 – 41.66 Mb Chr 15: 81.87 – 81.92 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Ku70 is a protein that ...