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Major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.
Deworm pet dogs and cats. Canine and feline hookworms rarely develop to adulthood in humans. Ancylostoma caninum, the common dog hookworm, occasionally develops into an adult to cause eosinophilic enteritis in people, but their invasive larvae can cause an itchy rash called cutaneous larva migrans.
Humans with light infections may show no symptoms, but humans with heavy infections may have abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and anemia. Children's physical and cognitive growth may be affected. [10] [11] [12] Dogs and cats may experience dermatitis, enteritis, and intestinal blood loss.
The life cycle begins with eggs being ingested. [12] The eggs hatch in the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). [19] The emerging pinworm larvae grow rapidly to a size of 140 to 150 micrometres, [9] and migrate through the small intestine towards the colon. [12] During this migration they moult twice and become adults.
The lifecycle of E. granulosus involves dogs and wild carnivores as a definitive host for the adult tapeworm. [3] Definitive hosts are where parasites reach maturity and reproduce. Wild or domesticated ungulates, such as sheep, serve as an intermediate host. [3] Transitions between life stages occur in intermediate hosts.
Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati). [1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively. [2] Humans are among the many "accidental" or paratenic hosts of these roundworms. [3]
Ancylostoma caninum is a species of nematode known as a hookworm, which principally infects the small intestine of dogs. [1] [2] [3] The result of A. caninum infection ranges from asymptomatic cases to death of the dog; better nourishment, increasing age, prior A. caninum exposure, or vaccination are all linked to improved survival.
In Australia, T. vulpis was the most common nematode in adult dogs, with a prevalence of 41%. [11] In red foxes, the frequency of infestation is 0.5%. [17] [18] The disease-causing effect of T. vulpis is moderate. Infected dogs show diarrhea that is bloody, in less severe cases interspersed with mucus.