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Lithotripsy is a procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses like kidney stones, [1] bezoars [2] or gallstones, which may be done non-invasively. The term is derived from the Greek words meaning "breaking (or pulverizing) stones" ( litho- + τρίψω [tripso]).
Laser lithotripsy (LL) has been evaluated against Extracorporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy (ESWL), finding both to be safe and effective. [3] [4] ESWL may be safer for small stones (<10 mm), but less effective for 10–20 mm stones. [3] A 2013 meta-analysis found LL can treat larger stones (> 2 cm) with good stone-free and complication rates. [5]
Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL) is a medical procedure which uses targeted shockwaves to break up kidney stones and gallstones. [1] This form of extracorporeal lithotripsy is unique in that the shockwaves are produced by a vaporization bubble expanding and collapsing repeatedly, creating a pressure wave. [ 1 ]
The procedure is usually performed by means of a surgical incision (therefore invasive). Lithotomy differs from lithotripsy, where the stones are crushed either by a minimally invasive probe inserted through the exit canal, or by an acoustic pulse (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), which is a non-invasive procedure. Because of these less ...
Some of the passed fragments of a 1-cm calcium oxalate stone that was smashed using lithotripsy. The most common use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is for lithotripsy to treat kidney stones [3] (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse.
An early lithotrite showing the device in open and closed positions. The Michaab was an early medical device, invented by Al-Zahrawi, [1] a form of lithotrite which was minimally-invasive.
Jean Civiale. Jean Civiale (1792–1867) was a French surgeon and urologist, who, in 1823, [1] invented a surgical instrument (the lithotrite) and performed transurethral lithotripsy, the first known minimally invasive surgery in Europe, to crush stones inside the bladder without having to open the abdomen ().
Images are obtained once an antegrade pyelogram (an injection of contrast), with a fine needle, has been performed. A nephrostomy tube may then be placed to allow drainage. [3] An urostomy is a related procedure performed more distally along the urinary system to provide urinary diversion.