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energy: joule (J) Young's modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) eccentricity: unitless Euler's number (2.71828, base of the natural logarithm) unitless electron: unitless elementary charge: coulomb (C) force: newton (N) Faraday constant: coulombs per mole (C⋅mol −1)
SI symbol Name Value SI symbol Name 10 −1 M dM decimolar 10 1 M daM decamolar 10 −2 M cM centimolar 10 2 M hM hectomolar 10 −3 M mM millimolar 10 3 M kM kilomolar 10 −6 M μM micromolar 10 6 M MM megamolar 10 −9 M nM nanomolar 10 9 M GM gigamolar 10 −12 M pM picomolar 10 12 M TM teramolar 10 −15 M fM femtomolar 10 15 M PM petamolar
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
In physics and chemistry, it is common to measure energy on the atomic scale in the non-SI, but convenient, units electronvolts (eV). 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 volt in a vacuum. It is common to use the SI magnitude prefixes (e.g. milli-, mega- etc) with ...
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
the Helmholtz free energy of a closed thermodynamic system of constant pressure and temperature; together with a degree symbol (°) represents the Fahrenheit measurement of temperature = °F; Fluorine; A spectral type; F represents force in mechanics equations [10] p F q is a hypergeometric series; the probability distribution function in ...
some form of energy of a substance (for chemistry enthalpy H is common), entropy of a substance S; the electronegativity of an atom or chemical bond χ. Usually the symbol for the quantity with a subscript of some reference to the quantity is used, or the quantity is written with the reference to the chemical in round brackets.
The SI value of the mole was chosen on the basis of the historical definition of the mole as the amount of substance that corresponds to the number of atoms in 12 grams of 12 C, [1] which made the mass of a mole of a compound expressed in grams, numerically equal to the average molecular mass or formula mass of the compound expressed in daltons.