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In a third layer, the logarithms of rational numbers r = a / b are computed with ln(r) = ln(a) − ln(b), and logarithms of roots via ln n √ c = 1 / n ln(c).. The logarithm of 2 is useful in the sense that the powers of 2 are rather densely distributed; finding powers 2 i close to powers b j of other numbers b is comparatively easy, and series representations of ln(b) are ...
The SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m 3 /kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2, though the latter form is rarely used. Specific strength has the same units as specific energy , and is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation that an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force .
where f t,d is the raw count of a term in a document, i.e., the number of times that term t occurs in document d. Note the denominator is simply the total number of terms in document d (counting each occurrence of the same term separately). There are various other ways to define term frequency: [5]: 128 the raw count itself: tf(t,d) = f t,d
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
This formula is a simplified version of that in section 2.2 of Stansberry et al., 2007, [39] where emissivity and beaming parameter were assumed to equal unity, and was replaced with 4, accounting for the difference between circle and sphere. All parameters mentioned above were taken from the same paper.
647.6 +2.5 −2.7: 1.354 ± 0.007 ... 4 to 16 2.5 to 28 ... 2.37 ± 0.9 microlensing ...
(5:2 resonance) 2.82 ... 2015 FK 37: 155.842° March 20, 2015 ... Asteroid with fastest rotation: 16.2 seconds Numbered minor planets that are also comets. Name
A near-infrared image of the R136 cluster. This cluster contains many of the most luminous known stars, including R136a1.Credit: ESO/VLT. This is a list of stars arranged by their absolute magnitude – their intrinsic stellar luminosity.