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Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other, nicotinamide. NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH (H for hydrogen), respectively.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP[ 1 ][ 2 ] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP + is the ...
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate [2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" for intracellular energy transfer. [3]
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox -active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism. A flavoprotein is a protein that contains a flavin group, which may be in the form of FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Many flavoproteins are known: components of ...
Base pair. A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or "Watson ...
The citric acid cycle —also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)[1][2] —is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol. The chemical energy released is ...
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid after its own abbreviation, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH 2 N(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2] 2.This white, water-insoluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe 2+ /Fe 3+) and calcium ions (Ca 2+), forming water-soluble complexes even at neutral pH.
Chemical compound. Adenosine diphosphate(ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate(APP), is an important organic compoundin metabolismand is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugarbackbone attached to adenineand two phosphategroups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose.