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Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), C. 6H. 6Cl. 6, is any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon. This structure has nine stereoisomers (eight diastereomers, one of which has two enantiomers), which differ by the stereochemistry of the individual chlorine ...
Hepatitis Cis an infectious diseasecaused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV) that primarily affects the liver;[2]it is a type of viral hepatitis.[6] During the initial infection period, people often have mild or no symptoms.[1] Early symptoms can include fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin.[1]
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the hepadnavirus family. [39] The virus particle consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of core protein. These virions are 30–42 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity. [40]
Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and benzene hexachloride (BHC), [ 3 ] is an organochlorine chemical and an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies. [ 4 ][ 5 ]
Hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma in an individual who was hepatitis C positive. Autopsy specimen. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC[ 1 ]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [ 2 ] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths ...
HeLa cells have been used in testing how parvovirus infects cells of humans, dogs, and cats. [32] These cells have also been used to study viruses such as the oropouche virus (OROV). OROV causes disruption of cells in culture; the cells start to degenerate shortly after they are infected, causing viral induction of apoptosis. [33]
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) [ 3 ] is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans. [ 4 ][ 5 ]
Viral phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies. [1] Since the term was coined in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation.