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Side-by-side diagrams of Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers, with boiling/freezing point of water labelled. Based on Thermometer (PSF).png. Source code used to generate measure lines and text for the thermometer can be found at . Casing / fluid was added using Inkscape v. 0.47. Date: n /a: Source: n /a: Author: Gringer: Other versions
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An alcohol thermometer. Thermometer with Fahrenheit (symbol °F) and Celsius (symbol °C) units. In 1714, scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented a reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In 1724, he proposed a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name.
Such thermometers are usually calibrated so that one can read the temperature simply by observing the level of the fluid in the thermometer. Another type of thermometer that is not really used much in practice, but is important from a theoretical standpoint, is the gas thermometer. Other important devices for measuring temperature include:
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
For an exact conversion between degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius, and kelvins of a specific temperature point, the following formulas can be applied. Here, f is the value in degrees Fahrenheit, c the value in degrees Celsius, and k the value in kelvins: f °F to c °C: c = f − 32 / 1.8 c °C to f °F: f = c × 1.8 + 32
The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between two temperatures). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere.