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  2. South Pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole

    The Geographic South Pole is marked by the stake on the right NASA image showing Antarctica and the South Pole in 2005. The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on Earth and lies antipodally on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole, at a distance of 20,004 km (12,430 miles) in all directions.

  3. Analemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analemma

    Heading south, once south of the Arctic Circle, the entire analemma would become visible. If seen at noon, it continues to be upright, and rises higher from the horizon as the viewer moves south. At the equator it is directly overhead. Further south it moves toward the northern horizon, and is then seen with the larger loop at the top.

  4. South magnetic pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_magnetic_pole

    The south geomagnetic pole is the point where the axis of this best-fitting tilted dipole intersects Earth's surface in the southern hemisphere. As of 2005 it was calculated to be located at 79.74°S 108.22°E, [10] near the Vostok Station. Because the field is not an exact dipole, the south geomagnetic pole does not coincide with the south ...

  5. Prime meridian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_meridian

    A prime meridian is an arbitrarily chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into two hemispheres: the Eastern ...

  6. Direction determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_determination

    Direction determination. Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding. The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and ...

  7. Antipodes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipodes

    Here the blue areas are the reflections of the Eastern Hemisphere. In geography, the antipode (/ ˈæntɪˌpoʊd, ænˈtɪpədi /) of any spot on Earth is the point on Earth's surface diametrically opposite to it. A pair of points antipodal (/ ænˈtɪpədəl /) to each other are situated such that a straight line connecting the two would pass ...

  8. Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence_for_the...

    The other six months of the year, the North Pole is in continuous daylight, with light from the Sun blotting out the stars. This phenomenon, and its analogous effects at the South Pole, are what defines the two poles. More than 24 hours of continuous daylight can only occur north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle.)

  9. Azimuthal equidistant projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_equidistant...

    An azimuthal equidistant projection about the South Pole extending all the way to the North Pole. Emblem of the United Nations containing a polar azimuthal equidistant projection. The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection. It has the useful properties that all points on the map are at proportionally correct distances ...