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Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [28] [29] sometime around 325 BC. The most northerly point of Britain was called Orcas (Orkney).
Between 1650 and 1700 approximately 7,000 Scots migrated to America, 10–20,000 to Europe and England and 60–100,000 to Ireland. [25] The first reliable figure for the national population is from the census conducted by the Reverend Alexander Webster in 1755, which showed the inhabitants of Scotland as 1,265,380 persons. [26]
The first Lord of Ireland was King John, who visited Ireland in 1185 and 1210 and helped consolidate the Norman-controlled areas while ensuring that the many Irish kings swore fealty to him. Throughout the thirteenth century, the policy of the English Kings was to weaken the power of the Norman Lords in Ireland.
The Union of the Crowns: James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England. 1614: John Napier invents logarithms and publishes a book promoting their use in mathematics. 1618: James VI forces episcopacy on the Church of Scotland through the Five Articles of Perth. 1625: Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned. 1633
The first was the invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce of Scotland who, in 1315, rallied many of the Irish lords against the English presence in Ireland (see Irish-Bruce Wars). Although Bruce was eventually defeated in Ireland at the Battle of Faughart , near Dundalk , his troops caused a great deal of destruction, especially in the densely ...
Ice Age – peoples from Alba (modern Scotland) cross the frozen Irish Sea and began populating Ireland via Ulster. These inhabitants would later be supplanted or assimilated by the Gaels. [1] Iron Age – c. 1300 BC the first permanent settlements develop in Ireland.
[112] [10] The introduction of Christianity into Scotland from Ireland from the sixth century, led to the construction of the first churches. These may originally have been wooden, like that excavated at Whithorn , [ 113 ] but most of those for which evidence survives from this era are basic masonry-built churches, beginning on the west coast ...
Edinburgh, showing Arthur's Seat, one of the earliest known sites of human habitation in the area. While the area around modern-day Edinburgh has been inhabited for thousands of years, [1] the history of Edinburgh as a definite settlement can be traced to the early Middle Ages when a hillfort was established in the area, most likely on the Castle Rock.