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The first successful locomotive-powered line in Scotland, between Monkland and Kirkintilloch, opened in 1831. [219] Not only was good passenger service established by the late 1840s, but an excellent network of freight lines reduce the cost of shipping coal, and made products manufactured in Scotland competitive throughout Britain.
Oldest still-inhabited city founded by Spaniards in Colombia. São Vicente, São Paulo: Governorate General of Brazil Brazil: 1532 AD First Portuguese city in the Americas. [66] Piura: Peru Peru: 1532 AD Oldest European-founded city in Peru. [67] Lima: Peru Peru: 1535 AD Second-oldest continuously inhabited European-settled capital city in ...
The first time these were measured, 1861–82, in the four major cities these were 28.1 per 1,000 and 17.9 in rural areas. Mortality probably peaked in Glasgow in the 1840s, when large inflows of population from the Highlands and Ireland combined population outgrowing sanitary provision and combining with outbreaks of epidemic disease.
Britonia was established in the Germanic Kingdom of the Suebi, in Gallaecia, northwestern Hispania, in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD by Romano-Britons.Britonia is therefore similar to Brittany, in Gaul (present-day France), by being settled by expatriate Britons at roughly the same time.
Spain lost all of its North and South American territories, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, in a complex series of revolts 1808–26. [128] Spain was at war with Britain 1798–1808, and the British blockade cut Spain's ties to the overseas empire. Trade was handled by American and Dutch traders.
Alex Salmond becomes the First Minister of Scotland, the first nationalist politician to serve as first minister. [3] 2011: The Scottish National Party under Alex Salmond gain an overall majority of the Scottish Parliament. 2013: The Church of Scotland's ruling General Assembly votes to allow actively gay men and women to become ministers. 2014 ...
Scotland's cities commonly have the largest salaries in Scotland based on place of work. [334] 2021/2022 data indicate that there were 2.6 million dwellings across Scotland, with 318,369 local authority dwellings. [335] A typical price for a house in Scotland was £195,391 in August 2022. [336]
Geographically, Scotland is divided between the Highlands and Islands and the Lowlands. The Highlands had a relatively short growing season, which was even shorter during the Little Ice Age. Scotland's population at the start of the Black Death was about 1 million; by the end of the plague, it was only half a million. It expanded in the first ...