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A wood engraving representing the NY House of Refuge in 1855. The New York House of Refuge was the first juvenile reformatory established in the United States. [1] It opened in 1824 on the Bowery in Manhattan, New York City [2] and was destroyed by a fire in 1839, before being relocated first to Twenty-Third Street and then, in 1854, to Randalls Island.
The Western House of Refuge was a prison for children in Rochester, New York founded in the mid-1800's that was the first state managed reformatory in the United States. In the 1880's, the prison was changed into a vocational school known as the State Industrial School .
Houses of refuge made up the third category of Life Saving Service units. These stations were on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. A paid keeper and a small boat were assigned to each house, but the organization did not include active manning and rescue attempts.
The reform movement for juveniles began in the United States in 1824 with the founding of the House of Refuge in New York City. In 1826, the Philadelphia House of Refuge was built, and in 1827 the House of Reformation for juvenile offenders in Boston was established.
New York House of Refuge, a reform school completed in 1854. A reform school was a penal institution, generally for teenagers, mainly operating between 1830 and 1900.In the United Kingdom and its colonies, reformatories (commonly called reform schools) were set up from 1854 onward for children who were convicted of a crime, as an alternative to an adult prison.
The Biscayne House of Refuge was typical of the houses of refuge in Florida. The Houses of Refuge in Florida were a series of stations operated by the United States Life Saving Service along the coast of Florida to rescue and shelter ship-wrecked sailors. Five houses were constructed on the east coast in 1876, with five more added in 1885 and 1886.
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The Pennsylvania Reform School, originally known as the House of Refuge of Western Pennsylvania, was established in 1850 as a reform school for delinquent children from the local area. Initially located on the north shore of the Ohio River, the school relocated in 1872 to Morganza, an area northeast of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in Washington County