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A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...
Repeated measures design is a research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [1] For instance, repeated measurements are collected in a longitudinal study in which change over time is assessed.
A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time.
Cross-sequential study: Groups of different ages are studied at multiple time points; combines cross-sectional and longitudinal designs; Research in psychology has been conducted with both animals and human subjects: Animal study; Human subject research
Research designs are logical frameworks used to make key comparisons within research studies such as: cross-sectional design; longitudinal design; sequential design; microgenetic design; In a longitudinal study, a researcher observes many individuals born at or around the same time (a cohort) and carries out new observations as members of the ...
Cross-sectional study: involves data collection from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. Longitudinal study: correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time. Cohort study and Panel study are particular forms of longitudinal study.
His research concerned developmental changes in adult intelligence, the impact of cognitive behavior in midlife and the integrity of brain structures in old age, and early detection of risk for dementia. [3] Schaie also studied developmental research methodology in addition to the applications of the age-cohort-period model to psychology.