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Spain lost French Flanders and northern part of the Principality of Catalonia. 1665: Philip IV died. [10] The Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometers (4.7 million square miles) in area 1668: The Treaty of Lisbon was signed. Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza. 1675
Charles also became Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and because of his widely scattered domains was not often in Spain. In 1556 Charles abdicated, giving his Spanish empire to his only surviving son, Philip II of Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother, Ferdinand. Philip treated Castile as the foundation of his empire, but the population ...
Spain also had to deal with Ottoman backed Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean, a vastly greater menace than Caribbean piracy, as well as Oriental and Dutch piracy in the waters around the Philippines. The growth of Spain's empire in the New World was accomplished from Seville, without the close direction of the leadership in Madrid.
The Holy Roman Empire, [f] also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. [16] It developed in the Early Middle Ages , and lasted for a millennium until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars .
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Holy Roman Empire 1000 map-fr.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0, GFDL 2008-07-26T17:07:35Z Sémhur 1000x1227 (569443 Bytes) {{Information |Description={{en|1=Map of the [[:en:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]] near year 1000. French version}} {{fr|1=Carte du [[:fr:Saint ...
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The latter territories mostly lay within the Holy Roman Empire and its borders, but were formally divided between fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire and French fiefs such as Charles's birthplace of Flanders, the last remnant of the Burgundian State, a powerful player in the Hundred Years' War. Since he was a minor, his aunt Margaret of Austria ...
Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor though disputed. [23] With his crowning, Charlemagne's kingdom is officially recognized by the Papacy as the largest in Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire. c. 800: Gunpowder is invented in the late Tang dynasty (somewhere around 9th century). [24] One of the "Four Great Inventions" of China. [25]