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Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios , where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid.
Illustration of deformed pelvises. A deformed pelvis is a risk factor for obstructed labour: Specialty: Obstetrics: Complications: Perinatal asphyxia, uterine rupture, post-partum bleeding, postpartum infection [1] Causes: Large or abnormally positioned baby, small pelvis, problems with the birth canal [2] Risk factors
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, and ethnicity. Modifiable risk factors include maternal obesity. [ 14 ] There is an elevated demand for insulin during pregnancy which leads to increased insulin production from pancreatic beta cells .
Post-maturity is more likely to happen when a mother has had a post-term pregnancy before. After one post-term pregnancy, the risk of a second post-term birth increases by 2 to 3 times. [8] Other, minor risk factors include an older or obese mother, a white mother, male baby, or a family history of post-maturity. [9]
A fluid or water deprivation test is a medical test [1] which can be used to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus as opposed to other causes of polydipsia (a condition of excessive thirst that causes an excessive intake of water). The patient is required, for a prolonged period, to forgo intake of water completely, to determine ...
Women with abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, whether too much (polyhydramnios) or too little (oligohydramnios), are also at risk. [35] Anxiety and depression have been linked as risk factors for preterm birth. [35] [61] The use of tobacco, cocaine, and excessive alcohol during pregnancy increases the chance of preterm delivery.
Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. [5] [6] Many birth defects are believed to involve multiple factors. [6] Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. [10]