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The New Fire Ceremony (Spanish: Ceremonia del Fuego Nuevo) was an Aztec ceremony performed once every 52 years—a full cycle of the Aztec “calendar round”—in order to stave off the end of the world. The calendar round was the combination of the 260-day ritual calendar and the 365-day annual calendar.
Illicium is a genus of flowering plants treated as part of the family Schisandraceae, [2] or alternately as the sole genus of the Illiciaceae. [3] It has a disjunct distribution , with most species native to eastern Asia and several in parts of North America, including the southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. [ 4 ]
Xiuhcoatl is a Classical Nahuatl word that translates as "turquoise serpent" and also carries the symbolic and descriptive translation of "fire serpent". Xiuhcoatl was a common subject of Aztec art, including illustrations in Aztec codices, and was used as a back ornament on representations of both Xiuhtecuhtli and Huitzilopochtli. [1]
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Aztec ritual sacrifice, depicted in Codex Laud. Cosmological beliefs were the ethos of Mexica religion. The Mexica believed their gods sacrificed themselves to create life, by throwing themselves into a pit of fire to birth the sun, or by shedding their celestial blood to create humans.
Panquetzaliztli (November 9 to November 28) was the Aztec month dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. People decorated their homes and trees with paper flags; there were ritual races, processions, dances, songs, prayers, and finally human sacrifices. This was one of the more important Aztec festivals, and the people prepared for the whole month.
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Quecholli, the 14th veintena, the 20-day Aztec month (November 19th Julian calendar, [13] November 29th Gregorian calendar), was dedicated to Mixcoatl. The celebration for this month consisted of hunting and feasting in the countryside. The hunters would take the form of Mixcoatl by dressing like him, kindling a new fire to roast the hunted game.