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A number of organic compounds form charge-transfer complex, which are often described as electron-donor-acceptor complexes (EDA complexes). Typical acceptors are nitrobenzenes or tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The strength of their interaction with electron donors correlates with the ionization potentials of the components.
In the 1950s, organic molecules were shown to exhibit electrical conductivity. Specifically, the organic compound pyrene was shown to form semiconducting charge-transfer complex salts with halogens. [14] In 1972, researchers found metallic conductivity (conductivity comparable to a metal) in the charge-transfer complex TTF-TCNQ.
Many materials may be characterized as organic superconductors. These include the Bechgaard salts and Fabre salts which are both quasi-one-dimensional, and quasi-two-dimensional materials such as k-BEDT-TTF 2 X charge-transfer complex, λ-BETS 2 X compounds, graphite intercalation compounds and three-dimensional materials such as the alkali ...
In the 1950s, researchers discovered that polycyclic aromatic compounds formed semi-conducting charge-transfer complex salts with halogens. In particular, high conductivity of 0.12 S/cm was reported in perylene–iodine complex in 1954. [3] This finding indicated that organic compounds could carry current.
In 1954, researchers at Bell Labs and elsewhere reported organic charge transfer complexes with resistivities as low as 8 Ω.cm. [7] [8] In the early 1970s, researchers demonstrated salts of tetrathiafulvalene show [9] almost metallic conductivity, while superconductivity was demonstrated in 1980. Broad research on salts of charge transfer ...
Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (N≡C−) 2 C=C 6 H 4 =C(−C≡N) 2. It is an orange crystalline solid. This cyanocarbon, a relative of para-quinone, is an electron acceptor that is used to prepare charge transfer salts, which are of interest in molecular electronics.
Edge-on view of portion of crystal structure of hexamethyleneTTF/TCNQ charge transfer salt, highlighting the segregated stacking. [2] A combination of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) forms a strong charge-transfer complex referred to as TTF-TCNQ. [3] The solid shows almost metallic electrical conductance.
It is also possible to prepare IPCs at liquid-liquid interfaces or at solid or soft surfaces. Usually the structure of IPCs formed will depend on many factors, including the nature of interacting polymers, concentrations of their solutions, nature of solvent and presence of inorganic ions or organic molecules in solutions.