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Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. " Garbage " can also refer specifically to food waste , as in a garbage disposal ; the two are sometimes collected separately.
Developed countries consume more than 60% of the world industrial raw materials and only comprise 22% of the world's population. [4] As a nation, the USA generates more waste than any other nation in the world with 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg) of municipal solid waste (MSW) per person per day, fifty five percent of which is contributed as residential ...
Municipal solid waste accounts for approximately 1-2% of all waste generated, [12] which is equivalent to 65 million tons in 2019 for Russia. [14] More than 90% of all municipal solid waste is disposed into landfill sites, with only 5-7% being recycled. [7] Food is the main source of waste composition in landfills, comprising over 34%. [16]
The spread of industrialization worldwide has been accompanied by a large increase in waste production. In 2012 the World Bank stated that 1.3 billion tons of municipal waste was produced by urban populations and estimates that the number will reach 2.2 billion tons by 2025 (Global Solid Waste Management Market - Analysis and Forecast). The ...
The waste management in Switzerland is based on the polluter pays principle. [1] Bin bags are taxed with pay-per-bag fees in three quarters of the communes. The recycling rate doubled in 20 years due to this strategy. [1] The recycling rate for municipal solid waste exceeds 50 percent [2] (with an objective of 60 percent in 2020 [1]).
Solid Waste Tree, Based on Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, United States Environmental Protection Agency. Solid waste means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or an air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial ...
Waste pickers provide the only solid waste removal service in many cities. [7] Municipal savings: Waste pickers provide between 50 and 100% of waste collecting services in most cities of the developing world, according to a 2010 UN Habitat report. [19] This effectively serves as a mass subsidy for city governments, who do not pay for the labor.
The Summers memo was a 1991 memo on trade liberalization that was written by Lant Pritchett and signed by Lawrence Summers who was then Chief Economist of the World Bank. It included a section that both Summers and Pritchett say was sarcastic that suggested dumping toxic waste in third-world countries for perceived economic benefits. [1]