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Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed. Dyslexia occurs across the range of intellectual abilities.
Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. [3] [7] Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. [2] The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to ...
[8] [17] Other research, however, has suggested that all children with dyslexia still have the same reading difficulties despite different orthographies, including reading speed deficit and slow decoding mechanisms. [7] These findings suggest that orthographic differences do not significantly impact the main difficulties those with dyslexia ...
A reading disability can affect any part of the reading process, including difficulty with accurate or fluent word recognition, or both, word decoding, reading rate, prosody (oral reading with expression), and reading comprehension. Before the term "dyslexia" came to prominence, this learning disability used to be known as "word blindness."
Phonological dyslexia is a reading disability that is a form of alexia (acquired dyslexia), [1] resulting from brain injury, stroke, or progressive illness and that affects previously acquired reading abilities. The major distinguishing symptom of acquired phonological dyslexia is that a selective impairment of the ability to read pronounceable ...
In terms of reading and spelling, it is found that common characteristics include: [5] [additional citation(s) needed] Spelling errors — Because of difficulty learning letter-sound correspondences, individuals with dyslexia might tend to misspell words, or leave vowels out of words.
Learning difficulties may refer to: Learning disability, difficulty learning in a typical manner, often divided into: Dyslexia, difficulty in learning to read fluently; Dyscalculia, difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic; Intellectual disability, significantly impaired cognitive functioning and adaptive deficits appearing before ...
Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn.