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A map of Earth 45 million years ago during the Eocene Epoch, Lutetian Age ... which led to a mass extinction of 30–50% of benthic ... South America, Central America ...
Before 12,000 years ago, South America was home to about 25 species of herbivores weighing more than 1,000 kg (2,200 lb), consisting of Neotropic ground sloths, glyptodonts, and toxodontids, as well as gomphotheres and camelids of Nearctic origin. [n 14] Native South American forms made up about 75% of these species. However, none of these ...
Approximately 50 million years ago, ... However, one or more North American populations of E. ferus entered South America ~1.0–1.5 million years ago, ...
Geological evidence suggests that approximately 3 million years ago, South America became connected to North America when the Bolivar Trough marine barrier disappeared and the Panamanian land bridge formed. The joining of these two land masses led to the Great American Interchange, in which biota from both continents expanded their ranges. [3]
“Grapes have an extensive fossil record that starts about 50 million years ago, so I wanted to discover one in South America, but it was like looking for a needle in a haystack,” Herrera said.
During the mid to Late Cretaceous (c. 90 million years ago), the Andean orogeny changed significantly in character. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Warmer and younger oceanic lithosphere is believed to have started to be subducted beneath South America around this time.
South America: Chile: 18.5-14.5: Monte Verde: Carbon dating of remains from this site represent the oldest known settlement in South America. [65] [66] South America: Peru: 14: Pikimachay: Stone and bone artifacts found in a cave of the Ayacucho complex [67] North America: Santa Rosa Island: 13: Arlington Springs site: Arlington Springs Man ...
Patagonia contain two ancient regions: the North Patagonian Massif and Deseado Massif.The lithospheric mantle beneath Deseado Massif formed 1000–2100 million years ago in the Paleo and Mesoproterozoic, evidencing that its lithosphere has a much older history than the ages of crustal rocks exposed at present would suggest (~600 million years).