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Notes and references for table Notes Smart [E] and Michaels [I] seem to follow Mill's periodisation (Michaels mentions Flood 1996 as a source for "Prevedic Religions". [O]), while Flood [P] and Muesse [Q] [G] follow the "ancient, classical, mediaeval and modern periods" periodisation. [R] Different periods are designated as "classical Hinduism":
Brahmanism evolved into Hinduism, which is significantly different from the preceding Brahmanism, [a] though "it is also convenient to have a single term for the whole complex of interrelated traditions." [5] The transition from ancient Brahmanism to schools of Hinduism was a form of evolution in interaction with non-Vedic traditions. This ...
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (c. 1500 –900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c. 600 BCE.
They are however the most well known Hindu philosophical traditions. In addition to the six systems, the Hindu philosopher Vidyāraṇya (ca. 1374–1380) also includes several further Hindu philosophical systems in his Sarva-darśana-saṃgraha (A Compendium of all the Philosophical Systems): [8] Paśupata, a school of Shaivism founded by Nakulisa
Dharma (/ ˈ d ɑːr m ə /; Sanskrit: धर्म, pronounced ⓘ) is a key concept in the Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. [7] The term dharma is considered untranslatable into English (or other European languages); it is understood to refer to behaviours which are in harmony with the "order and custom" that sustains life; "virtue", righteousness or "religious ...
These duties applied regardless of a Hindu's class, caste, or sect, and they contrasted with svadharma, one's "own duty", in accordance with one's class or caste (varṇa) and stage in life (puruṣārtha). [web 4] In recent years, the term has been used by Hindu leaders, reformers, and nationalists to refer to Hinduism. Sanatana dharma has ...
[239] Some Hindus challenge the authority of the Vedas, thereby implicitly acknowledging its importance to the history of Hinduism, states Lipner. [ 240 ] While Hindu reform movement such as Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj accept the authority of Vedas, [ 241 ] Hindu modernists like Debendranath Tagore and Keshub Chandra Sen ; [ 242 ] and social ...
Tietge states that even in non-dual schools of Hinduism where Brahman and Atman are treated ontologically equivalent, the theory of values emphasizes individual agent and ethics. In these schools of Hinduism, states Tietge, the theory of action are derived from and centered in compassion for the other, and not egotistical concern for the self. [99]