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  2. Vasoconstriction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction

    Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation , the widening of blood vessels.

  3. Vasomotor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasomotor

    The smooth muscle cell membranes have α and β-adrenergic receptors for these neurotransmitters. Activation of α-adrenergic receptors promotes vasoconstriction, while the activation of β-adrenergic receptors mediates the relaxation of muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. Normally, α-adrenergic receptors predominate in smooth muscle of ...

  4. Thrombosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis

    Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις (thrómbōsis) 'clotting') is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

  5. Blood vessel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

    Transmission electron micrograph of a microvessel displaying an erythrocyte (E) within its lumen which is deformed due to vasoconstriction. Arteries—and veins to a degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer. This changes the blood flow to downstream organs and is determined by the autonomic nervous system.

  6. Renin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin

    Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial ...

  7. Infarction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infarction

    Infarction occurs as a result of prolonged ischemia, which is the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to an area of tissue due to a disruption in blood supply.The blood vessel supplying the affected area of tissue may be blocked due to an obstruction in the vessel (e.g., an arterial embolus, thrombus, or atherosclerotic plaque), compressed by something outside of the vessel causing it ...

  8. Angiotensin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin

    Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys. An oligopeptide, angiotensin is a hormone and a ...

  9. Cold shock response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_shock_response

    Peripheral Vasoconstriction: Blood vessels in the extremities constrict, reducing blood flow to the limbs. This shunting of blood helps to redirect it to essential organs, such as the heart and brain , preserving oxygen for vital functions .