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The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO 2− 4. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Pages in category "Sulfates" The following 103 pages are in this category, out of 103 total. ... Sulfite sulfate; Sulfuric acid; T. Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate;
The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems. [1]
Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.
Alkyl sulfates if ingested are well-absorbed and are metabolized into a C 3, C 4 or C 5 sulfate and an additional metabolite. The highest irritant of the alkyl sulfates is sodium laurylsulfate, with the threshold before irritation at a concentration of 20%. Surfactants in consumer products are typically mixed, reducing likelihood of irritation.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure.
Sulfation is widely used in the production of consumer products such as detergents, shampoos, and cosmetics. Since the sulfate group is highly polar, its conjugation to a lipophilic "tail" gives surfacant-like properties. Well known sulfates are sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate. [2]
The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO 4 2–) and chloride (Cl –) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO 3 − anion. Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles.