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  2. Test of Word Reading Efficiency Second Edition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Of_Word_Reading...

    Test of Word Reading Efficiency Second Edition or commonly known as TOWRE - 2 is a kind of reading test developed to test the efficiency of reading ability of children from age 6–24 years. It generally seeks to measure an individual's accuracy and fluency regarding two efficiencies; Sight Word Efficiency (SWE) and Phonemic Decoding Efficiency ...

  3. Fountas and Pinnell reading levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountas_and_Pinnell...

    A meta-analysis of 21 studies found that the F&P Text Level Gradient system did not lead to effective reading fluency interventions. [ 8 ] Matthew Burns, a reading researcher at the University of Florida, has studied assessments within the F&P Text Level Gradient system and found that they result in 54% total accuracy and correctly identify low ...

  4. Spache readability formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spache_Readability_Formula

    It works best on texts that are for children up to fourth grade. For older children, the Dale–Chall readability formula is more appropriate. It was introduced in 1953 in Spache's "A new readability formula for primary-grade reading materials," (The Elementary School Journal, 53, 410–413), and has subsequently been revised.

  5. Automated readability index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_readability_index

    The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.

  6. Flesch–Kincaid readability tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesch–Kincaid...

    "The Flesch–Kincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the Flesch–Kincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...

  7. Gunning fog index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunning_fog_index

    Nevertheless, some continue to point out that a series of simple, short sentences does not mean that the reading is easier. [7] In some works, such as Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, the fog scores using the old and revised algorithms differ greatly. A sample test took a random footnote from the text: (#51 ...

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