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The Etz Hayim contains the Hebrew text of the Torah (according to the Codex Leningradensis), the Jewish Publication Society ()'s modern English translation of the Hebrew text, a number of commentaries, written in English, on the Torah which run alongside the Hebrew text and its English translation and a number of essays on the Torah and Tanakh in the back of the book.
The Torah (/ ˈ t ɔːr ə / or / ˈ t oʊ r ə /; [1] Biblical Hebrew: תּוֹרָה Tōrā, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. [2] The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch (/ ˈ p ɛ n t ə tj uː k /) or ...
HebrewBooks.org [8] – was founded to preserve old American Hebrew books that are out of print or circulation, but it expanded its mission "to include all Torah Seforim (=books) ever printed". Over 60,000 out-of-print books and journals may be downloaded as PDF images on the main site and on its beta version. [9]
Under Ezra, Torah reading became more frequent and the congregation themselves substituted for the King's role. According to one source, Ezra initiated the modern custom of reading thrice weekly in the synagogue. [2] This reading is an obligation incumbent on the congregation, not an individual, and did not replace the Hakhel reading by the king.
Each Torah portion consists of two to six chapters to be read during the week. There are 54 weekly portions or parashot.Torah reading mostly follows an annual cycle beginning and ending on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, with the divisions corresponding to the lunisolar Hebrew calendar, which contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between leap years and regular years.
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh [a] (/ t ɑː ˈ n ɑː x /; [1] Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ tanaḵ, תָּנָ״ךְ tānāḵ or תְּנַ״ךְ tənaḵ) also known in Hebrew as Miqra (/ m iː ˈ k r ɑː /; Hebrew: מִקְרָא miqrāʾ), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
The general trend in recent scholarship is to recognize the final form of the Torah as a literary and ideological unity, based on earlier sources, likely completed during the Persian period (539–333 BCE). [12] [14] Some scholars would place its final compilation much later, in the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE). [16]
It has given rise to numerous counter- (e.g., Ramban) and super-commentaries (e.g., Mizrachi), all similarly drawing on the Oral Torah, and widely studied to this day (see Mikraot Gedolot, Yeshiva § Torah and Bible study). Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg's Haketav VeHaKabbalah deals with the relationship between the written and oral Torah.